{
  "formatVersion": 1,
  "representationStatus": "release-build-not-live-verified",
  "entityId": "yixing-zisha",
  "sourceIds": [
    "S07",
    "S25",
    "S48",
    "S50"
  ],
  "definition": {
    "zh": "与江苏宜兴丁蜀相联系的紫砂制陶技艺，从泥片、器形与表面装饰认识器物。",
    "en": "A zisha pottery-making practice associated with Dingshu, Yixing, explored through clay slabs, vessel form and surface decoration."
  },
  "aliases": {
    "zh": [
      "宜兴紫砂",
      "宜兴紫砂陶制作技艺"
    ],
    "en": [
      "Yixing zisha",
      "Yixing zisha pottery-making"
    ]
  },
  "facts": [
    {
      "text": {
        "zh": "官方介绍区分圆器身筒拍打与方器镶接。",
        "en": "The official account distinguishes beating round bodies from joining angular ones."
      },
      "sourceIds": [
        "S07"
      ],
      "status": "supported"
    },
    {
      "text": {
        "zh": "国家级项目编号Ⅷ-1，2006年第一批；不是茶壶保真证明。",
        "en": "The national practice record is Ⅷ-1, first batch, 2006; it is not teapot authentication."
      },
      "sourceIds": [
        "S07"
      ],
      "status": "supported"
    }
  ],
  "faq": [
    {
      "question": {
        "zh": "这项实践是什么？",
        "en": "What is this practice?"
      },
      "answer": {
        "zh": "与江苏宜兴丁蜀相联系的紫砂制陶技艺，从泥片、器形与表面装饰认识器物。",
        "en": "A zisha pottery-making practice associated with Dingshu, Yixing, explored through clay slabs, vessel form and surface decoration."
      },
      "sourceIds": [
        "S07"
      ],
      "status": "supported-with-scope"
    },
    {
      "question": {
        "zh": "官方资料怎样描述成型？",
        "en": "How does the official account describe forming?"
      },
      "answer": {
        "zh": "从泥片展开，区分圆器拍打与方器镶接，并介绍修整和陶刻；不是凭外观鉴定的方法。",
        "en": "It describes clay slabs, beating round bodies and joining angular ones, followed by finishing and carving. This is not authentication by appearance."
      },
      "sourceIds": [
        "S07"
      ],
      "status": "supported-with-scope"
    },
    {
      "question": {
        "zh": "为什么把署名和器形分开？",
        "en": "Why separate attribution from vessel form?"
      },
      "answer": {
        "zh": "形与装饰可记录观察；姓名或印记是否指向制作者，仍须对应这件作品的独立证据。",
        "en": "You can record form and decoration as observations; whether a name or mark identifies the maker still needs evidence tied to that work."
      },
      "sourceIds": [
        "S07"
      ],
      "status": "supported-with-scope"
    }
  ],
  "relations": [
    {
      "type": "reading-comparison-not-origin",
      "targetId": "jingdezhen-porcelain",
      "sourceIds": [
        "S07",
        "S50"
      ],
      "status": "editorial-navigation"
    }
  ],
  "unknown": {
    "zh": "具体商品作者、泥料、安全、泡茶性能、库存与跨境履约未核实；人物资料本轮未能重读。",
    "en": "A product’s maker, clay, safety, brewing performance, stock and cross-border fulfillment are unverified; the personal source could not be reread in this round."
  },
  "reviewedAt": "2026-10-01",
  "verificationStatus": "local-documentary-pilot",
  "englishNamesStatus": "editorial-not-official",
  "historicalPeriod": {
    "status": "unknown",
    "value": null
  },
  "crossCulturalClaims": {
    "status": "unknown",
    "claims": []
  },
  "rights": {
    "editorialTextReuse": "license-not-yet-confirmed",
    "externalImages": "permission-not-confirmed",
    "audioVideo": "permission-not-confirmed",
    "interviewContacts": "unknown"
  },
  "misconceptions": [
    {
      "claim": {
        "zh": "紫砂就是一种颜色吗？",
        "en": "Is zisha just one colour?"
      },
      "supportedAnswer": {
        "zh": "不要只凭颜色认定泥料或器物；官方页列多种泥料，具体作品仍需独立证据。",
        "en": "Do not identify clay or an object from colour alone; the official page names several clay types, while an individual work still needs evidence."
      },
      "sourceIds": [
        "S07"
      ],
      "confusionContext": {
        "zh": "材料名称不能简化成照片里的颜色判断。",
        "en": "A material name cannot be reduced to a colour judgement from a photograph."
      },
      "debateStatus": "not-assessed"
    },
    {
      "claim": {
        "zh": "无釉就能证明宜兴产地吗？",
        "en": "Does an unglazed surface prove Yixing origin?"
      },
      "supportedAnswer": {
        "zh": "资料说一般不施釉，保留这个限定；有无釉本身不能鉴定产地或品质。",
        "en": "The account says generally unglazed: keep that qualification. Glaze alone cannot authenticate origin or quality."
      },
      "sourceIds": [
        "S07",
        "S50"
      ],
      "confusionContext": {
        "zh": "一般性的表面描述，不等于每件作品的鉴定规则。",
        "en": "A general surface description is not an authentication rule for every object."
      },
      "debateStatus": "not-assessed"
    },
    {
      "claim": {
        "zh": "名录证明泡茶效果或收藏收益吗？",
        "en": "Does the listing establish brewing results or investment returns?"
      },
      "supportedAnswer": {
        "zh": "制作技艺的文化记录不能替代具体产品、安全、性能或市场证据。",
        "en": "A cultural practice record does not replace product, safety, performance or market evidence."
      },
      "sourceIds": [
        "S07"
      ],
      "confusionContext": {
        "zh": "文化认定、产品性能与市场结果的证据不同。",
        "en": "Cultural recognition, product performance and market outcomes need different evidence."
      },
      "debateStatus": "not-assessed"
    }
  ],
  "creatorKit": {
    "intro30Seconds": {
      "zh": "看宜兴紫砂，先把形、装饰与署名分开。问器身、壶嘴、壶把和盖怎样连接，再记录哪些说法有来源。一个名字或印记不能独自确认作者，项目认定也不是商品保证。喜欢一个轮廓是个人感受；材料、用途和购买条件需要另外核对。",
      "en": "With Yixing zisha, separate form, decoration and attribution. Ask how the body, spout, handle and lid connect, then record which claims have sources. A name or mark cannot alone establish the maker, and a practice listing is not a product guarantee. Liking an outline is a personal response; materials, uses and purchase terms need separate checks."
    },
    "durationStatus": "target-duration-not-timed",
    "intro3Minutes": {
      "zh": [
        "宜兴紫砂陶制作技艺与江苏宜兴丁蜀镇相联系。官方项目介绍以泥片成型为线索，区分圆器的身筒拍打与方器的镶接，并介绍表面修整和陶刻装饰。",
        "阅读工艺说明时，可以先画出器身、壶嘴、壶把和盖的位置，再追问各部分怎样制作、何时连接、如何修整。这里是一组观察问题，不是一套凭外观鉴定手工制作的方法。",
        "如果观看演示，记录现场实际展示了哪个环节。只看到修整，不代表此前没有其他成型步骤；只看到某一位制作者的做法，也不能据此给全部紫砂制作下结论。想了解完整流程，应请讲解者指出省略了什么，再找对应的工艺说明核对。",
        "官方介绍区分不同器形，也将陶刻作为装饰方法之一。观看器物时，可分别记下轮廓、表面装饰和署名信息，不要把三者合成一个未经验证的作者判断。",
        "例如，看到刻字，可以先记录文字的位置、内容及其与器形的关系；看到名字或印记，则另列一个待核问题：它指向制作者、装饰者，还是别的身份？仅凭照片或销售标题，本篇无法确认具体作品的作者、年代或泥料。",
        "国家级项目页记载：2006年第一批，编号Ⅷ-1，申报地区为江苏省宜兴市，类别为传统技艺。记录对象是制作技艺，不是某件茶壶的保真、品质或性能保证。",
        "人物认定、作品归属和销售方身份需要分别核对。即使能查到一位同名人物的公开记录，也应确认其是否与待了解的作品对应，而不是用一个可查到的姓名替整条销售说法作证。",
        "先向销售方问清泥料说明、容量、制作方式、实际发货物与图片的对应关系，以及退换条件。对“全手工”“某人制作”等称谓，询问其具体含义和对应这件作品的依据；没有说明的地方应保留为未知。",
        "阅读本篇或看到名录编号，都不能替代对具体商品的核实。本篇不据工艺介绍推断饮用安全、泡茶效果或收藏收益；这些说法不能借文化身份自动成立。可继续使用购买前的六个问题整理询问清单。"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Yixing zisha pottery-making (宜兴紫砂陶制作技艺) is associated with Dingshu, Yixing, in Jiangsu Province. The official account describes clay-slab forming, distinguishing the beating of round bodies from joining angular ones, alongside surface finishing and carved decoration.",
        "When reading a process description, sketch the body, spout, handle and lid, then ask how each part is made, when it is joined and how it is finished. These are observation questions, not a method for authenticating handwork from appearance.",
        "At a demonstration, note which stage you actually see. Watching finishing does not establish that no other forming steps preceded it. One maker's demonstration does not describe all zisha production. Ask the presenter which stages were omitted, then check a relevant process account.",
        "The official account distinguishes vessel forms and discusses carving as a decorative method. Record the outline, surface decoration and any names or marks separately rather than combining them into an unverified attribution.",
        "For an inscription, first note its position, wording and relationship to the form. A name or mark raises another question: does it identify the vessel's maker, its decorator or someone else? This article cannot establish a particular object's maker, date or clay from photographs or a sales title.",
        "The national entry records 2006, first batch, reference Ⅷ-1, submitted by Yixing, Jiangsu, in the traditional-craft category. It recognises a practice; it does not guarantee a pot's authenticity, quality or performance. English descriptions here are editorial.",
        "A person's recognition, an object's attribution and a seller's identity require separate checks. Finding a public record for someone with a matching name does not establish their connection to the object being discussed or validate the entire sales claim.",
        "Ask the seller about the stated clay, capacity, production method, whether the photographs show the object to be supplied, and return terms. For claims such as “fully handmade” or “made by” a named person, ask what the claim means and what evidence connects it to this object. Leave unexplained points unresolved.",
        "Reading this page or seeing a heritage reference number cannot replace checking a particular product. This account does not infer drinking safety, brewing results or investment returns from craftsmanship. Cultural recognition does not establish those claims. Use the six questions before ordering to organise your enquiries."
      ]
    },
    "shortDerivative": {
      "zh": "看宜兴紫砂，先把形、装饰与署名分开。问器身、壶嘴、壶把和盖怎样连接，再记录哪些说法有来源。一个名字或印记不能独自确认作者，项目认定也不是商品保证。喜欢一个轮廓是个人感受；材料、用途和购买条件需要另外核对。\n\n读完后，记下一个你想继续核对的问题，再跟随本页的官方资料；不要把自己的第一印象当作鉴定结论。",
      "en": "With Yixing zisha, separate form, decoration and attribution. Ask how the body, spout, handle and lid connect, then record which claims have sources. A name or mark cannot alone establish the maker, and a practice listing is not a product guarantee. Liking an outline is a personal response; materials, uses and purchase terms need separate checks.\n\nAfter reading, keep one question you want to check and follow the official sources on this page. Do not turn your first impression into an authentication claim."
    },
    "publicationStatus": "prepared-not-distributed",
    "english3MinuteWordCount": 369,
    "introSourceIds": [
      "S07"
    ],
    "intro3MinuteSourceIds": [
      [
        "S07"
      ],
      [
        "S07"
      ],
      [
        "S07"
      ],
      [
        "S07"
      ],
      [
        "S07"
      ],
      [
        "S07"
      ],
      [
        "S07"
      ],
      [
        "S07"
      ],
      [
        "S07"
      ]
    ]
  },
  "definitionSourceIds": [
    "S07"
  ],
  "name": {
    "zh": "宜兴紫砂陶制作技艺",
    "en": "Yixing zisha pottery-making"
  },
  "category": "craft",
  "pages": {
    "zh": "/zh/heritage/yixing-zisha/",
    "en": "/en/heritage/yixing-zisha/"
  },
  "regions": [
    {
      "id": "jiangsu",
      "name": {
        "zh": "江苏",
        "en": "Jiangsu"
      }
    }
  ],
  "recognition": [
    {
      "id": "designation-yixing-zisha",
      "heritageId": "yixing-zisha",
      "regionId": "jiangsu",
      "name": "宜兴紫砂陶制作技艺",
      "number": "Ⅷ-1",
      "year": 2006,
      "batch": 1,
      "subject": "cultural-practice",
      "region": "江苏省宜兴市",
      "sourceId": "S07",
      "nameEn": "Yixing zisha pottery-making",
      "regionEn": "Yixing, Jiangsu Province",
      "level": "national",
      "listName": {
        "zh": "国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目名录",
        "en": "National representative list of intangible cultural heritage"
      },
      "publicationAuthority": "国务院",
      "announcementDate": "2006-05-20",
      "checkedAt": "2026-09-22",
      "publicationAuthorityEn": "State Council of the People’s Republic of China",
      "announcementSourceId": "S48",
      "announcementDocument": "国发〔2006〕18号"
    }
  ],
  "relatedPeople": [],
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "S07",
      "title": "宜兴紫砂陶制作技艺",
      "publisher": "中国非物质文化遗产网",
      "url": "https://www.ihchina.cn/project_details/14261.html",
      "checkedAt": "2026-09-22",
      "status": "read",
      "supports": "National project identity, 2006 first batch, Ⅷ-1, Yixing; clay-forming processes. No teapot authenticity or performance guarantee.",
      "titleEn": "Yixing zisha pottery-making",
      "publisherEn": "China Intangible Cultural Heritage Website",
      "publishedAt": null
    },
    {
      "id": "S25",
      "title": "景德镇手工制瓷技艺",
      "titleEn": "Jingdezhen porcelain-making by hand",
      "publisher": "中国非物质文化遗产网",
      "publisherEn": "China Intangible Cultural Heritage Website",
      "url": "https://www.ihchina.cn/project_details/14270.html",
      "checkedAt": "2026-09-22",
      "status": "read",
      "supports": "National project fields and bounded description of connected making stages and historical division of work. No present-day industry trend, workshop partnership or product authentication.",
      "publishedAt": null
    },
    {
      "id": "S48",
      "title": "国务院关于公布第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录的通知",
      "titleEn": "State Council notice announcing the first national list of intangible cultural heritage",
      "publisher": "文化和旅游部政府信息公开（转载国务院文件）",
      "publisherEn": "Ministry of Culture and Tourism information disclosure (reproducing a State Council document)",
      "url": "https://zwgk.mct.gov.cn/zfxxgkml/fwzwhyc/202012/t20201206_916788.html",
      "checkedAt": "2026-09-22",
      "status": "read",
      "publishedAt": "2006-05-20",
      "supports": "Document Guo Fa [2006] No.18, signed by State Council on 2006-05-20; names/numbers/localities checked for the initial 26 linked entries; Pingyao entry 401, VIII-51, Shanxi Pingyao County additionally verified in v0.2.90. Duanwu excluded from new announcement mapping because this transcription prints IX-3 versus X-3 in the project record. Does not replace project-specific source accounts."
    },
    {
      "id": "S50",
      "title": "徐秀棠",
      "titleEn": "Xu Xiutang",
      "publisher": "中国非物质文化遗产网",
      "publisherEn": "China Intangible Cultural Heritage Website",
      "url": "https://www.ihchina.cn/ccr_detail/3188.html",
      "checkedAt": "2026-09-22",
      "status": "read",
      "publishedAt": null,
      "supports": "1954 learning with Ren Ganting; 1958 folk-sculpture study programme; later ceramic sculpture learning with Zhang Jinghu; training apprentices. No current class bookings, inferred recognition date, product authentication or present-day role claims."
    }
  ],
  "sourceDateScope": "reviewedAt is editorial review; individual sources retain their actual checkedAt. Unknown or disputed fields are not verified facts."
}