On this page
Hezhe Yimakan (赫哲族伊玛堪) is a narrative tradition combining speech and song in Hezhe communities in Heilongjiang. The national project record describes a solo performance without instrumental accompaniment. Start by following how the telling unfolds, then notice when the voice moves into song, rather than treating the whole passage simply as a song.
“Large” and “small” in names do not simply mean volume
The project record distinguishes dachang (大唱) and xiaochang (小唱): the former emphasises spoken heroic and legendary narratives, while the latter emphasises short lyrical singing. The terms point to repertoire and modes of expression; translating them simply as singing loudly and singing softly would mislead.
When reading programme notes, keep the Chinese term, the source’s explanation and the piece it identifies together. If material is labelled only as a Yimakan excerpt, do not assign it a category yourself. Nor should this overview prescribe how every performer must arrange speech and song.
Taking notes while listening to a story
Choose material that identifies the performer, piece, recording location and date. Begin by noting pauses, repetition and vocal changes. If that information is missing, record the gaps. Do not guess a performer’s identity from their voice or treat an excerpt as a complete performance.
On a first listen, you might only mark timestamps. On a second, compare them with the supplied subtitles or written explanation. Separate what you hear from how the notes explain it. If you do not understand Hezhe, observing sounds cannot substitute for understanding the plot. You need not name a character or emotion that the subtitles leave unexplained. This is a suggested listening method; this page has not analysed a particular recording.
How recordings of older singers are used in teaching
A January 2026 China Culture Daily report republished by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism describes organising older singers’ recordings, teaching word by word, and classes combining performance with explanation in Fuyuan schools. The report describes both how older singers’ recordings are preserved and how people learn to perform.
When reading about teaching, ask what materials are used, who demonstrates and offers corrections, and how learners practise language and narrative. Archive totals, attendance and the ability to perform independently are different measures. The report is dated; its classes are not automatically courses available to enrol in today. We have not observed these classrooms or assessed learning outcomes.
Speaking Hezhe at home and learning performance in class
The same report describes Zhao Wen (赵文) in Fuyuan speaking Hezhe with their son in daily life. It also describes You Zhongmei (尤忠梅) and others in suburban Jiamusi teaching Yimakan skills together with the Hezhe language. Family conversation and organised teaching offer two specific settings for understanding how the language that sustains a narrative continues to be used.
These examples go beyond remembering a melody. When reading about teaching, ask whether learners are recognising words, practising everyday expressions or learning to tell part of a story. These tasks are connected, but singing one excerpt cannot stand for a person’s entire language ability. This page does not assess individual proficiency from the report.
Pieces such as Xite Morigen and language textbooks
The report mentions work to document and restore pieces including Xite Morigen (《希特莫日根》) and Shalun Morigen (《沙伦莫日根》), as well as the compilation of Hezhe language teaching materials titled 《赫哲语言教程》. Narrative pieces and language textbooks serve different purposes. When finding material, keep its title, performer or compiler, medium and recording date together, so that a written introduction is not mistaken for a complete oral work.
This page’s English is translated from an introduction based on Chinese sources. It is not a Yimakan story translated directly from Hezhe and does not provide the full texts of those pieces. To explore text and performance further, continue to our guide to recording and editing Gesar, checking the language, recorder and version of each resource separately.
The 2006 national list and 2025 international listing changes
The State Council’s first national list in 2006 records 赫哲族伊玛堪 under quyi, storytelling and song, as entry 278, project Ⅴ-42, submitted by Heilongjiang Province. Our project card refers to this national record.
A Ministry of Culture and Tourism announcement dated 11 December 2025 states that the tradition, inscribed on UNESCO’s Urgent Safeguarding List in 2011, was transferred to the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2025. Its safeguarding programme was separately selected for the Register of Good Safeguarding Practices on the same day.
Read the national project record, international listing and safeguarding-programme register separately. When an older article mentions the Urgent Safeguarding List, check its date before treating that historical status as current. Selection of a safeguarding programme does not certify every performance, course or related product.
Keep listening with questions in mind
Use the watching and listening guide for notes, then the guide to reading names to retain the original names of the Hezhe people, Yimakan, pieces and performers. When sharing material, include its specific source and recording information, distinguishing a complete telling, an excerpt and a teaching demonstration.
This article draws on public written sources, without a field visit, recording analysis or a current performance schedule. It provides neither visitor addresses nor enrolment promises. We have no commercial relationship with the institutions cited. Citing material does not grant permission to redistribute its recordings, images or text.